STUDYING ^^ (SHORT NOTES)

 CHAPTER 1

Framework for development & language skills : parents as teacher, encourage creativity, reading aloud, limit television, tell stories, talk things around the house..

2 stages of language development : egocentric stage and socialized stage :) 

•  egocentric stage: (RMD)

 repetition, monologue, dual or collective monologue ^^  

7 functions of language : imaginative, interactional, instrumental, regulatory, representational, heuristic and personal.. (3I 2R HP)

1. instrumental language : to satisfy wants & needs
2. interactional language : to interact with others 
3. imaginative function language : to create images & help children to pretend 
4. regulatory language : to maintain contact with others 
5. representational language : to inform 
6. heuristic function language : to assist in learning & describing 
7. personal function language : to express individuality 

 CHAPTER 2

Listening is a learned behaviour involved hearing, attending, discriminating. Understanding, and remembering ^^ 

Types Of Listening (CCDAP)

Creative listening

Critical listening

Discriminative listening

Appreaciative listening

Purposeful listening

Guidelines 4 MODELING LISTENING SKILLS  (BELLH)

Be interested & attentive

Encourage talking

Listen patiently

Listen to non-verbal messages

Hear children out

Suggestions 4 improving communications (SORE AH)

Share your thought

Observe sign

Reflect feeling

Extend conversation

Avoid dead-end questions

Help clarify & relate experiences

Simple function language : (GRAT)

Greetings

Requesting

Apologizing

Thanking

 Dramatic Play

}Improve conversational skills and ability to express ideas in words

}Understand the feeling and roles of people

}Improve vocabulary

}Enhance creativity

}Participate in social interaction

}Attempt to deal with various life situations

}Assume both leadership and group participation roles.

Speaking Activities

}Play and role-play

}Simulation

}Discussion

}Games and Quizzes

}Tell stories using picture

}Poems, songs

}Problem solving activities

}Creative activities, use of newspapers, magazines

}Carry out simple conservations

}Carry out simple function

Various type of conversation

Adult’s conversation can help the children in the following ways:

}Children become more proficient in oral language

}Children become involved in interaction

}Adults can pay attention to them, so they can think and use language.

}Adults eloborate on a child’s comment by extending his or her statement, elaborating on the idea, and using additional language.

CHAPTER 3

ASPECTS OF THE READING PROCESS

¢1) Mechanical aspect

—Eye movement in focusing print

—Return sweep-end of one line to beginning of next line

¢2)Word recognition aspect

—Children see the words, they know that those are meaning words.

—Matching word with words seen before

—Matching a known with other word parts

—

¢3)Comprehension aspect

—Converting words into meaning and getting meaning

—Predicting based on reader’s knowledge of language

¢4)Interpretation aspect

—Based on comprehension but extended understanding of the message convey

—Reader evaluates and utilizes new information by incorporating it into his own cognitive and effective structure.

¢5)Technical aspect

—Understanding and be able to used the technical aspect of language.

Skills involved in oral reading :

Standard Pronunciation 
Clear Enuciation
Adequate Phrasing
Sensitivity 2 audience needs, interest & reponses
Observe of Punctuation
Use of voice to convey meaning
Appropriate loudness, speed & intonation

Deficiences in oral reading

• small sight vocabulary
• inaccurate guessing words
• word-by-word reading
• poor phasing
• ecessive repetition
• finger pointing
• poor handling of books
• poor reading posture
• poor knowledge of sounds
• hesitation & halting reading

  What is phonic approach? 

Pays attention to sound(s) which letters represent

Systematically teach children the sound which single letters and combination of letters can make

With ‘letter unit’ phonic approach children are taught the shapes and sounds of the letters separately

—With syllabic method children are encouraged to associate sounds with small group letters .

—Introduces children to reading by means of regularly spelt words

—Teaches children to reading by means of regularly spelt words

—Teaches children a skill so that they can become independence and proficient in their ability to convert print into its oral component.

SEQUENCE FOR PHONIC INSTRUCTION
  ¢Teach :

—Consonant sounds first

—Common consonant diagraphs

—Common consonant blends

—Diphthongs

—Silent letters

—Rules governing short vowel sounds

—Rules governing long vowel sounds

HEAR AND SAY FINAL SOUNDS 
Phonic is teaching the sound of the letters. Children will hear the sound of the letters and say the final sound.

— eg : Ant on the apple song 

ADVANTAGE & DISADVANTAGE baca jugak taw ~ hani xmasukkan.. ==" 

CHAPTER 4
LESSON PLAN =)

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